Biology gk questions-cellular organisation Part1

 

Cellular organisation gk questions :Part1

Daily Online General Knowledge Quiz:Previous year paper gk questions with answers and explanation in English on Biology gk question-cellular organisation

1. Glucose is a type of?
A. Pentose sugar
B. Hexose sugar
C. Tetrose sugar
D. Diose sugar

Hexose sugar

Note: Glucose is a type of hexose sugar. In organic chemistry a hexose is a monosaccharide wit six carbon atoms, having chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆.

Glucose , also known as dextose or grape sugar, is a simple aldose monosaccharide found in plants. It is a monosaccharide that is absorbed directly into the blood stream during digestion.

2. DNA in a cell is a?
A. Carboxylic acid
B. Nucleic acid
C. Amino acid
D. Fatty acid

Nucleic acid

Note: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, sometimes called "the molecule of life," Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses.

DNA is a nucleic acid; alongside proteins and carbohydrates, nucleic acids compose the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life.

Most DNA molecules consists of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix DNA was first identified and isolated by Friedrich Miescher and the double helix structure of DNA was first discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick.

Forensic scientists can use DNA in blood semen, skin, saliva or hair found at a crime scene to identify a matching DNA of an individual, such as a perpetrator. This process is formally termed DNA profiling, but may also be called 'genetic fingerprinting.'

3. The smallest known prokaryotic organism is?
A. Microcystis
B. Mycoplasma
C. Bacteria
D. Chlorella

Mycoplasma

Note: Mycoplasmas are the smallest self-replicating prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are one celled organisms that do not have a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles inside of them.

The genetic information is carried on by circular pieces of DNA. The only internal structures that exists in prokaryotes are ribosomes, which function to make proteins that are needed by the organism.

4. Hyperplasia means?
A. abnormal increase in number of cells
B. an increase in size of a cell
C. excessive motility of a muscle
D. voracious eating

abnormal increase in number of cells

Note: Hyperplasia or hypergenesis means an increase in the number of cells or a proliferation of cells. it may result in the gross enlargement of an organ.

Hyperplasia is a common preneoplastic response to stimulus. Microscopically, cells resemble normal cells but are increased inn numbers. Sometimes cells may also be increased in size(hypertrophy).

Hyperplasia is different from hypertrophy. Adaptive cell change in hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells, whereas hyperplasia involves an increase in the number of cells.

5. A contemporary of Charles Darwin who came to the same conclusion in the matter of organic evolution was?
A. Jean Baptist Lamarck
B. Thomas Huxley
C. Alfred Russel Wallace
D. Franklin Benjamin

Alfred Russel Wallace

Note: Alfred Russel Wallace is a naturalist who worked in Malay Archipelago had also come to similar conclusions around the same time. While Darwin was busy in formulating his theory of natural selection, he received a brief essay from Alfred Wallace in June, 1858. The thinking of both Darwin and Wallace in respect of organic evolution was similar.

6. To which group of blood an universal recipient belongs?
A. A group
B. B group
C.O group
D. AB group

AB group

Note: Human blood is grouped into four types A,B, AB and O. Each letter refers to a kind of antigen or protein on the surface of red blood cells.

Each blood type is also grouped by its Rhesus factor, about 85% of human have Rn+ blood type. AB group is universal recipient as both antigen (A and B) are present on of AB blood group people

7. The only plant cells without nucleus among the following are?
A. Cambium cells
B. Root cells
C. Companion cells
D. Tracheid cells

Tracheid cells

Note: Tracheid cells are the cells without nuclei. These are elongated tube-like dead cells. The cell wall is thickened and impregnated with lignin. At the time of maturity, the tracheary cells lose their nucleus and lumen both. These cells helps in providing mechanical strength to plant.

8. The basic structural and functional unit of organism is?
A. cell
B. tissue
C. organ
D. systems

cell

Note: According to the cell theory proposed by JM Schieiden(1838) and T Schwann (1839), the cell is the structural and functional unit of living organisms.

The discovery and naming of cell was done by Robert Hooke (1665), who is regarded as the 'Father of Cell Biology'.

9. RBCs do not perform aerobic respiration because these do not contain?
A. mitochondria
B. nucleus
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. lysosomes

mitochondria

Note: Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs) do not perform aerobic respiration because they lack mitochondria. The mitochondria is the site, where aerobic respiration takes place.

During the process stored glucose gets oxidised in four stages to produce energy and co₂

10. Blood fails to clot, while flowing in the blood vessel because of the presence of?
A. heparin
B. prothrombin
C. haemoglobin
D. hirudin

heparin

Note: heparin is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, which can be used as anticoagulant and has the highest negative charge density. It is naturally produced by basophils and mast cells inside human/animal body.

11. Haemoglobin contains the metal?
A. copper
B. molybdenum
C. iron
D. magnesium

iron

Note: Haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Haemoglobin bound with oxygen and forms Oxyhaemo-globin in the lungs which transported to cells where o₂ is released and co₂ is taken back which is to be released in lungs to come outside from body.

12. Of which tissue nails, hoofs and horns are made of?
A. cuticle
B. chitin
C. keratin
D. tunicin

keratin

Note: keratin is the component of hair, nails, horn, hoofs, feather and wool in most animals. It is a fibrous structural protein in which parallel sheets of polypeptide are arranged together by hydrogen bonding.

13. The life span of RBC of man is?
A. 120 days
B. 150 days
C.180 days
D. 190 days

120 days

Note: The average life span measured by Hawkins and Whipple (1938) is 120 days for human erythrocyte (RBCs). Every second, about 2.5 million RBCs are getting destroyed.

The red blood cells develop in bone marrow and circulate for about 100-120 days in the body. The RBCs after completion of their life span reaches the spleen (graveyard of RBC) where these are destroyed.

14. Which one of the following is known as the 'immovable property' in the cell?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Fat
C. Protein
D. Nucleic acid

Nucleic acid

Note: Nucleic acids include DNA/RNA. They form the genetic material of cells. The genetic material is responsible for the transfer of character to generations and is an integral part of every living cell.

15. Osteocytes are found in?
A. Bone
B. Blood
C. Cartilage
D. Lymph

Bone

Note: Osteocytes, are the bone forming cells in all chordates. These are star-shaped cells that form network through cytoplasmic extensions. The space occupied by these cells is known as lacuna.